Evaluation of Antibacterial Assays for Screening of Marine Invertebrate Extracts (2025)

Screening Of Marine Organisms For Antimicrobial And Antiprotozoal Activity

Pharmaceutical Biology, 2000

Screening of antimicrobial activity of some marine invertebrate extracts collected from Tabuk region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2015

The recent appearance of growing number of bacteria resistant to conventional antibiotics has stimulated the search for novel antimicrobial compounds from variety sources including marine sources. Four genera of marine invertebrates were collected from Tabuk region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Bioactive metabolites were extracted using methanol and tested for its activity against sets of Gram +ve bacteria, Gram-ve bacteria, yeast and fungi using the agar disk diffusion method. The results showed different patterns of antibacterial activity. About 75% of the marine invertebrate extracts presented significant activity against yeast. No activity shown with fungi. These findings suggest that the marine invertebrates are a potential source of novel antimicrobial compounds. These results in relation with antibacterial and antiyeast activities in vitro open the way for complementary investigation in order to purify and identify active molecules.

Antibiotic, cytotoxic and enzyme inhibitory activity of crude extracts from Brazilian marine invertebrates

Revista Brasileira de …, 2007

Herein we present the results of a screening with 349 crude extracts of Brazilian marine sponges, ascidians, bryozoans and octocorals, against 16 strains of susceptible and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, one yeast (Candida albicans), Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, three cancer cell lines MCF-7 (breast), B16 (murine melanoma ) and HCT8 (colon), and Leishmania tarentolae adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (L-APRT) enzyme. Less than 15% of marine sponge crude extracts displayed antibacterial activity, both against susceptible and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Up to 40% of marine sponge crude extracts displayed antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Cytotoxicity was observed for 18% of marine sponge crude extracts. Finally, less than 3% of sponge extracts inhibited L-APRT. Less than 10% of ascidian crude extracts displayed antibacterial activity. More than 25% of ascidian crude extracts were active against M. tuberculosis and the three cancer cell lines. Only two crude extracts from the ascidian Polysyncraton sp. collected in different seasons (1995 and 1997) displayed activity against L-APRT. Less than 2% of bryozoan and octocoral crude extracts presented antibacterial activity, but a high percentage of crude extracts from bryozoan and octororal displayed cytotoxic (11% and 30%, respectively) and antimycobacterial (60%) activities. The extract of only one species of bryozoan, Bugula sp., presented inhibitory activity against L-APRT. Overall, the crude extracts of marine invertebrates herein investigated presented a high level of cytotoxic and antimycobacterial activities, a lower level of antibacterial activity and only a small number of crude extracts inhibited L-APRT. Taxonomic analysis of some of the more potently active crude extracts showed the occurrence of biological activity in taxa that have been previously chemically investigated. These include marine sponges belonging to genera Aaptos, Aplysina, Callyspongia, Haliclona, Niphates, Cliona, Darwinella, Dysidea, Ircinia, Monanchora and Mycale, ascidians of the genera Didemnum, Aplidium, Botrylloides, Clavelina, Polysyncraton and Symplegma, the bryozoan Bugula sp. and octocorals of the genera Carijoa and Lophogorgia. The subsequent chemical investigation of some of the active extracts led to the isolation of several new biologically active secondary metabolites. Our results are in agreement with previous screening programs carried out abroad, that showed a high percentage of bioactive extracts from Porifera, Ascidiacea, Cnidaria and Bryozoa.

Isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from marine bacteria

2011

With a huge volume of unexplored wealth, marine environment dazzles out to be a very good source, capable of answering many unsolved questions and a treasure of unresolved mysteries. In this work coastal water samples were collected from Thiruchendur, Thoothukudi and Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu. From these samples, organisms were isolated by spread plate technique using marine agar. About 21 bacterial isolates were isolated and were screened primarily through agar diffusion method, of which only 6 isolates exerted an inhibitory effect against the target organisms were selected for antimicrobial analysis. Their supernatants were used to study the antagonistic activity against target organisms (Salmonella typhi, Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus). Cell free extracts of two organisms Alteromonas sp. and Rhodopseudomonas sp. identified in the isolates were found antagonistic against all the test organisms. Both the supernatants...

Antibacterial Activity as Inhibitors Pathogen Bacterial on Pond Shrimp of Extract Marine Biota Collected from Maspari Island, South Sumatera, Indonesia

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis

Marine biota has variety of bioactive compound that is potential to be an antibacterial for shrimp ponds diseases. Some of marine biota has potential as antibacterial i.e. soft coral Sarcophyton sp., Sponge Aaptos sp., seaweeds Sargassum sp. and Halimeda sp. and mangroves Avicennia sp. and Rhizophora sp. species. This study is purposed to find the most potential marine biota as antibacterial. The research method was as follows; sampling, sample identification, extraction and antibacterial activity test. The results is soft coral and sponge extract Sarcophyton sp. has bioactivity against of shrimp bacteria pathogen such as Vibrio spp2. bacteria for around 6.3±0.1 mm, while Aaptos sp. has bioactivity against Vibrio spp1. bacteria for around 7.9+0.1 mm, Vibrio spp2. bacteria for around 7.2± 0.1 to 7.9±0.1 mm, Vibrio spp6. bacteria for around 7.5±0.2 mm, Escherichia coli for around 7.2±0.1 mm and Staphylococcus aureus for around 15.9±0.2 mm. Seaweed extract activity found only of Sargassum sp. which has antibacterial activity against for around 7.1±0.0 mm for Vibrio spp6. and mangrove species activity has Rhizophora sp. extract which has bioactivity against Vibrio spp4. were 7.3±0.1 mm and E. coli bacteria were 6.7±0.1 mm. The most potential marine biota as antibacterial is showed on sponge Aaptos sp.. with an inhibitory zone for around 15.9±0.2 mm (for S. aureus bacteria).

Screening of antimicrobial activity of marine sponge extracts

Journal De Mycologie Medicale, 2005

The antimicrobial activity of the chloroform extracts of ten marine sponges collected from the Atlantic coast of Morocco and from the Gulf of Thailand was tested against four bacterial species and five fungal species using the agar disk method. Extracts tested showed antimicrobial activity against at least one of the test strains, 50% of them showed antibacterial activity while only 20% exhibited antifungal activity. Among them, the extracts of Hippospongia communis and Ircinia variabilis collected from the Atlantic coast of Morocco appeared to be quite promising due to their capacity to inhibit the growth of Candida tropicalis R 2 (an amphotericin B and nystatin resistant strain) as well as their broad spectrum activity against other bacteria and fungi. The antifungal activity of the extracts was further characterized by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against four fungal species selected using the broth microdilution method and two test media.

REVIEW PAPER-MARINE MICROBIAL BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS

Oceans have borne most of the biological activities on our planet. A number of biologically active compounds with varying degrees of action, such as anti-tumor, anti-cancer, anti-microtubule, anti-proliferative, cytotoxic, photo protective, as well as antibiotic and antifouling properties, have been isolated to date from marine sources. The marine environment also represents a largely unexplored source for isolation of new microbes (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, microalgae-cyanobacteria and diatoms) that are potent producers of bioactive secondary metabolites. Extensive research has been done to unveil the bioactive potential of marine microbes (free living and symbiotic) and the results are amazingly diverse and productive. Bioactive compounds from marine flora and fauna have extensive past and present use in the treatment of many diseases and serve as compounds of interest both in their natural form and as templates for synthetic modification. Several molecules isolated from various marine organisms (microorganisms, algae, fungi, invertebrates, and vertebrates) are currently under study at an advanced stage of clinical trials, some of them have already been marketed as drugs. This article gives an overview of current trends in screening and the activity analysis of metabolites from marine resources. Recent years have seen the introduction into clinical trials of new classes of chemotherapeutic agents, which are derived from marine sources and have novel mechanisms of action. Among other biological activities, the marine ecosystem is increasingly being acknowledged as a source of potential antimicrobial agents. Available treatments for many infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses are limited. Research on new antimicrobial substances must therefore be continued and all possible strategies should be explored. In this review, we will present the structures and antimicrobial activity of natural compounds isolated from marine sources

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity from Marine Algal Extracts Against Virulent Bacteria

Journal of High Institute of Public Health

In vitro screening using methanolic extracts of different marine algae and one sea grass showed antibacterial activity against eight virulent strains of fish and human pathogens. 1:1 (V: V) ratios of each methanolic extract were mutually added to give 21 interactions. The interaction between Udotea sp and Codium fragile extracts exhibited higher activities against Edwardsiella tarda (18±0.9mm), Vibrio ordalli (16±0.8mm), Klebsiella pneumonia (20±1mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16±0.8mm). The bioactivity of this interaction was found to be more effective than that obtained from some common antibiotics including: Lincolin, Streptomycin and Gentamycin. The chemical constituents of these two algal extracts and their interaction were characterized using thin layer chromatography and gas chromatographicmass spectral analysis. The bioactivity of the separated compounds was estimated. Palmitic acid was the most active fatty acid.

Antimicrobial activities of extracts from tropical Atlantic marine plants against marine pathogens and saprophytes

Marine Biology, 2006

Studies investigating disease resistance in marine plants have indicated that secondary metabolites may have important defensive functions against harmful marine microorganisms. The goal of this study was to systematically screen extracts from marine plants for antimicrobial effects against marine pathogens and saprophytes. Lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts from species of 49 marine algae and 3 seagrasses collected in the tropical Atlantic were screened for antimicrobial activity against five ecologically relevant marine microorganisms from three separate kingdoms. These assay microbes consisted of the pathogenic fungus Lindra thalassiae, the saprophytic fungus Dendryphiella salina, the saprophytic stramenopiles, Halophytophthora spinosa and Schizochytrium aggregatum, and the pathogenic bacterium Pseudoaltermonas bacteriolytica. Overall, 90% of all species surveyed yielded extracts that were active against one or more, and 77% yielded extracts that were active against two or more assay microorganisms. Broad-spectrum activity against three or four assay microorganisms was observed in the extracts from 48 and 27% of all species, respectively. The green algae Halimeda copiosa and Penicillus capitatus (Chlorophyta) were the only species to yield extracts active against all assay microorganisms. Among all assay microorganisms, both fungi were the most resistant to the extracts tested, with less than 21% of all extracts inhibiting the growth of either L. thalassiae or D. salina. In contrast, over half of all lipophylic extracts were active against the stramenopiles H. spinosa and S. aggregatum, and the bacterium P. bacteriolytica. Growth sensitivity to hydrophilic extracts varied considerably between indi-vidual assay microorganisms. While 48% of all hydrophilic extracts were active against H. spinosa, 27% were active against P. bacteriolytica, and only 14% were active against S. aggregatum. Overall, more lipophilic extracts inhibited microbial growth than hydrophilic extracts. The variability observed in the antimicrobial effects of individual extracts against each assay microorganism reflects the importance of choosing appropriate test microbes in assays from which ecologically relevant information is sought. Results from this survey demonstrate that antimicrobial activities are prevalent among extracts from marine algae and seagrasses, suggesting that antimicrobial chemical defenses are widespread among marine plants.

The resident animals of polluted areas possess possibly novel antimicrobials towards off infections. Selected species of sea invertebrates Perna viridis (Bivalve), Nerita albicilla (Gastropoda) and Ozius rugulosus (Crustacean) were tested for antibacterial activity against human pathogens Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli K1. The best results were obtained by methanol extracts of selected sea animals against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The overall aim of this study is to gather preliminary information about the antimicrobial activity of invertebrates from Manora channel for potential use in the development of new antibiotics.